Guide for Authors

Introduction

The Benha International Journal of Physical Therapy publishes original research on advances in the disciplines of physical therapy, rehabilitation, and related sciences, including scientific, clinical, and practical studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of physical illnesses.

The journal's mission is to disseminate high-quality research on physical therapy advances, supporting physical therapists in finding, comprehending, and using studies for efficient evidence-based practice. The B.I.J. PT complies with publication and research ethics norms. It adheres to the guidelines provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (publicationethics.org), Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research (EQUATOR) (www.equator-network.org), and the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts (www.icmje.org).

Types of papers

  1. Intervention studies (clinical trials): studies that look into how one or more interventions affect the results. "Any research study that prospectively allocates human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effect(s) on health outcome(s)" is how the World Health Organization defines a clinical trial. Clinical trials encompass non-randomized controlled trials, randomized controlled trials, case series, and single-case experimental investigations.
  2. Observational studies: research that studies the relationship(s) between variables of. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies are examples of observational research.
  3. Qualitative studies: studies that concentrate on comprehending human behavior, desires, and motives. A comprehensive examination of a subject, encompassing beliefs, attitudes, drives, and unquantifiable behavioral patterns, serves as the basis for a qualitative study's goal. Anthropological and documentary analysis are examples of qualitative research.
  4. Systematic reviews: studies that analyze and/or synthesize the literature on a topic. Systematic reviews that include meta-analysis will have priority over other systematic reviews.
  5. Studies on the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaires or assessment tools: studies that aim to translate and/or cross-culturally adapt foreign questionnaires to a language other than that of the original version of existing assessment instruments.
  6. Methodological studies (validity and reliability): studies centered on the development and/or evaluation of clinometric properties and characteristics of assessment instruments.

Before you begin

Ethics in Publishing

Please see the detailed information in the publication ethics section of the journal website.

Disclosure of Conflict of Interest

Any relevant ties or financial conflicts that might affect the authors' choices regarding the article should be disclosed by the authors. In a similar vein, writers who have no conflicts of interest ought to disclose them.

Funding/Support and Role of Sponsor

The research and effort should have a complete and unambiguous disclosure of all material and financial assistance. Giving specifics about the sponsor's or funding source's role is crucial. 

Participants’ anonymity:

No personal information, including texts, images, and pedigrees, may be published that would allow for the identification of a participant without written consent.

Human and animal rights:

When conducting a study involving human subjects, it is necessary to disclose that the experiment complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethics standards of the local "Ethics Committee on Clinical Experiments" or agencies that assess the ethics of conducting experiments on human bodies. When doing animal experiments, it is important to make it very obvious that the procedures follow the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals as well as any institutional or national research committee standards pertaining to the breeding and use of laboratory animals.

Authorship:

The journal follows the guidelines for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work in medical journals that state that authorship credit should only be given for significant contributions to one of the following three areas: (1) conception and design; (2) data acquisition; (3) critical revision of the article for important intellectual content; and (4) final approval of the version to be published. The coauthors decided on the authorship order together. Once the submitted manuscripts have been accepted, the authors' order cannot be altered or added to.

Policies regarding plagiarism:

The author agrees that a submitted manuscript will be checked for plagiarism using iThenticate, a plagiarism checker, against previously published works. Any manuscripts that include plagiarism will be rejected right away.

Registration of clinical trials

Any clinical trials should be registered with a clinical trial registration website that has been approved by the World Health Organization or the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. You can see a comprehensive directory of clinical trial registries at http://www.who.int/ictrp/network/primary/en/index.html.

Informed consent and ethics committee approval:

Studies on patients or volunteers require ethics committee approval and informed consent, which should be documented in the paper.

Reporting Guidelines and Checklists:

Taking the time to make sure your article satisfies the fundamental requirements for reporting will greatly improve your manuscript and increase the likelihood of publication, ensuring a high and consistent quality of research reporting. The editors and reviewers use these checklists as a reference when they assess your work.

The EQUATOR Network (http://www.equator-network.org) is an excellent resource for key reporting guidelines, checklists, and flow diagrams. Below are the most commonly used checklists.

  • Randomized Controlled Trials: Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)
  • Observational Studies:  Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)
  • Systematic Review of Controlled Trials: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA
  • Study of Diagnostic accuracy/assessment scale: Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD)
  • For psychometric studies: GRRAS

Publication fee:

Publication in this journal is free of charge to authors (i.e., there are no submission or article processing charges)

Open access:

All publications in this journal are freely available online to all readers

Language:

This journal only publishes manuscripts in English. Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted).

Submission:

All submissions must be made using the internet portal for the journal's online submission and review process. You can upload your files and enter the details of your article step-by-step with the help of the system. Following author review, the system immediately creates an electronic (PDF) proof that will be utilized in the peer-review procedure once the submission files have been submitted. Email is used for all correspondence, including requests for modification and notifications of the editor's decision. 

File Requirements:

Editable files (e.g., Word, Excel, JPEG files) are required to typeset your article for final publication. Do not submit pdf files.

Peer Reviewers Recommended by Authors

Authors are encouraged to recommend a minimum of two peer reviewers for consideration during the submission process. The recommended peer reviewers should be well-experienced and have published in the topic areas or study design of the manuscript. Further, they should not have any conflicts of interest.

Revision:

For detailed information about the peer review process, please visit peer review process section at the journal site. Revisions to the manuscript are anticipated within 2 weeks after the request to insure rapid processing. The aim is to have total time frame, from submission to final decision, limited to about one month. If there are any questions or if extra time is required, the corresponding author should get in touch with the editor.

Every recommendation must be addressed in the revised draft along with a justification for whether or not the suggested modification was implemented.

A word document including a list of reviewer comments and the itemized changes made to the article to satisfy each revision request must be uploaded by the associated author. Any additions or corrections made to the manuscript must be highlighted within the text so that the editor and reviewers may see where the changes have been made.

Accepted manuscripts:

All manuscripts accepted for publication are subject to editing for presentation, style and grammar. Any major redrafting is agreed with the author.

How to prepare your manuscript and submission files

1- Cover Letter

The cover letter ought to elucidate the reasons for the manuscript's potential readership in the Journal. Kindly highlight the most significant aspects of the submission in brief. Authors should attest to the work's originality in the cover letter. 

Please confirm that the submission has not been published before and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere; that the manuscript has been read and approved by the named authors who fit the authorship criteria; and that there are no other persons who satisfy the criteria for authorship but are not listed. If any of the authors have a conflict of interest, this should be explained in the cover letter. Further confirmation is needed that any aspect of the work covered in the manuscript has been conducted with the ethical approval of all relevant bodies.

2- The title page

Should be prepared as follows:

  • The title of the article should be descriptive, interesting, concise, and precise, and should not include abbreviations.
  • Authors: Full names and academic degrees of each author
  • Affiliations: Clearly explain the institutional, university, or hospital affiliations of each author.
  • Corresponding author: name, mailing address, phone number, fax number, and email address for the corresponding author

3- Blinded manuscript file

It should be submitted in a Word document and should begin with the title (without author details), followed by the abstract, keywords, body of the text, references, and figure legends.

Basic Formatting Guidance:

  • Manuscripts must be double-spaced throughout.
  • Use only standard 12-point type and spacing.
  • Put the page number in the bottom of each page.
  • Page margins should be 2.5 cm from all four sides.
  • The total number of figures and tables should be limited to 7.
  • Define all abbreviations when first mentioned and minimize the use of abbreviations as much as possible.
  • For all article types except systematic reviews, the word count is limited to 4000 (excluding abstracts, references, tables, and figures), and the number of references is limited to 60.
  • The use of headings and subheadings is encouraged.

Abstract and key words:

A structured abstract is required (background, objective, methods, results, conclusion) with a maximum of 250 words. The abstract should be concise and factual. It briefly states the purpose of the research, the principal results, and the major conclusions. References and abbreviations should be avoided. Immediately after the abstract, provide 3–6 keywords separated by commas.

Introduction:

Summarize the rationale for the study and state the purpose and/or hypothesis of the article.

Methods:

To enable study replication, the procedures should be well documented. The technical data, participant selection and description, and statistics employed should all be documented in a clear and appropriate manner, adhering to current and pertinent norms. The study's ethical approval and a statement that it was carried out in compliance with the applicable stated guidelines must both be included in the Methods section. Indicate that all participants and/or their legal guardians gave their informed consent for investigations involving human subjects. It is encouraged to make a statement regarding trial registration for clinical studies.

Results:

The text, tables, and figures should convey the results in a logical order. Avoid duplicating results in different contexts (for example, don't use the same data in tables and graphs). Provide a count of the observations. Report losses to observation (clinical trial dropouts, for example).

Discussion:

The significant findings of the study should be highlighted in the discussion. Don't duplicate the results section's detailed data, and don't add any works or information that aren't directly related to the study. When applicable, recommendations may be included (for additional research, etc.). The implications of the results and their limitations should be included in the Discussion section. Link the observations to other pertinent research.  

Limitations:

Place the limitation subsection at the end of the discussion section. List and discuss the limitations of the study and possible sources of bias.

Conclusion:

A manuscript's conclusion ought to offer perceptive remarks regarding the significance and applicability of the research while refraining from drawing conclusions that go beyond its findings. This should be a concise and understandable part. References should not be included in the conclusion section. Acknowledgements:

List here those individuals who provided help during the research but did not fulfill the authorship criteria. (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance, proofreading the article, etc.).

Funding sources:

List funding sources in a standard way. If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence: This research did not receive any specific grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Conflict of interest:

Please declare any relationships or conflicts of interest that may affect the author's decisions or confirm that there is no conflict of interest.

References

Accepted references shall include only material that is retrievable through standard literature searches. Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). The journal uses the Vancouver style.

In the text:

Identify references in text, tables, and legends by superscript Arabic numerals. Use Arabic numbers outside periods and commas, inside colons, and semi-colons. Number references consecutively in the order in which they first appear in the text. The original citation number assigned to a reference should be reused each time the reference is cited in the text, regardless of its previous position in the text: do not assign it another number.

In the reference list:

Journal article:

  • Author or Authors, last name and initial(s) separated by a comma and space and ending with a period (list all authors when there are six or fewer; when there are seven or more, list only the first six and then “et al.”)
  • Article title in sentence case followed by a period.
  • Journal title abbreviation followed by a period.
  • Four-digit year of publication followed by semi-colon.
  • Journal volume number followed by issue number in brackets, followed by a colon.
  • Page range, hyphenated, followed by a period. (Page numbers are not repeated. For example, 452-468 would become 452-68 or 241-248 would become 241-8).
  • N.B: If there is a DOI present, you could add it as a last element.

Example: Liu H, Li J, Du L, Yang M, Yang D, Li J, et al. Short-term effects of core stability training on the balance and ambulation function of individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Minerva Med 2019;110:216-23. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4806.19.05952-4.

Books:

Entire Book, written or compiled by the same author(s)

  • Author or Authors, last name and initial(s) separated by commas and ending with a period. 
  • Book title in sentence case followed by a period.
  • Edition number (if applicable) followed by "ed." 
  • Place of publication followed by a colon and a space.
  • Publisher name followed by a semi-colon and a space.
  • Four-digit year of publication followed by a period.

Example: Malamed SF. Handbook of local anesthesia. 7th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2020.

Chapter of the book compiled by an editor with various chapter contributors

  • Author or Authors of the chapter contributor(s), last name and initial(s) separated by commas and ending with a period. 
  • Title of chapter in sentence case followed by a period.
  • Connector phrase followed by a colon and a space ‘In: ’
  • Editor(s) of the book, last name and initial(s) separated by commas, then write word ‘editors followed by a period.
  • Book title in sentence case followed by a period.
  • Edition number (if applicable) followed by period "ed." 
  • Place of publication followed by a colon and a space
  • Publisher name followed by a semi-colon and a space
  • Four-digit year of publication followed by a period.
  • Page range, hyphenated, followed by a period.

Example: Forrest JL, Miller SA. Evidence-based decision making. In: Bowen DM, Pieren JA, editors. Darby and Walsh dental hygiene theory and practice. 5th ed. Maryland Heights: Elsevier; 2020. p. 25-33.

Websites

  • If a personal author(s), list last name(s) and initial(s) separated by commas and ending with a period.  If a corporate author, provide the organization name followed by a period.
  • Title in sentence case followed by [Internet], ending with a period.
  • Place of publication, if available, followed by a colon.
  • Publisher (this will often be the same as the corporate author) followed by a semi-colon.
  • Date of Publication - Four-digit year of publication, Month, Day (if available) as follows YYYY Month DD (use three-letter month abbreviations rather than the full month name). 
  • Followed by the date you referenced the material as follows: [cited YYYY Month DD] (use three-letter month abbreviations rather than the full month name).  End with a period.
  • Available from: URL

Example: Marchildon GP, DiMatteo L. Health care cost drivers: the facts [Internet]. Canadian Institute for Health Information; 2011 Oct [cited 2015 Jan 15]. Available from: https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/health_care_cost_drivers_the_facts_en.pdf.

Figure legends and captions:

A list of figure legends should be provided after the reference list, listing each figure in order by number. Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Legends and captions should not be embedded in the figure files themselves.

Tables:

The tables may be submitted at the end of the manuscript file or may be submitted as a separate file. The accepted file format is Word. Number tables are listed consecutively in the order of their first citation in the text. Include a brief title for each table and a short or abbreviated heading for each column. Place explanatory matter in footnotes, not in the title or column headings. Explain in footnotes all nonstandard abbreviations that are used in each table.

Submission checklist:

You can use this list to carry out a final check on your submission before sending it to the journal for review. Ensure that the following items are present:

  • One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details (e-mail address and full postal address).
  • All necessary files have been uploaded: (1) cover letter; (2) title page; (3) main text file (manuscript without author identifiers), including a structured abstract, keywords, body of the text, conflict of interest, funding support, references, and figure legends; (4) tables; (5) figures
  • All figures (include relevant captions)
  • All tables (including titles, descriptions, and footnotes)
  • Verify that the text's citations for all figures and tables correspond to the supplied files.
  • The manuscript has been subjected to a grammar and spell check.
  • The text cites all sources listed in the Reference List, and vice versa.
  • Consent to use copyrighted content from other sources has been secured.
  • A competing interest statement is provided.
  • Review of the journal's publication ethics and regulations.
  • Provision of referee recommendations and contact information.

Conditions for Submission

The author:

  1. Verifies that the manuscript is original and hasn't been published before.
  2. Verifies that no other publications have received the manuscript.
  3. Takes full responsibility for the accuracy of all information included in the manuscript, including conclusions, citations, quotes, and references.
  4. Discloses on the manuscript any conflicts of interest related to the research or the manuscript
  5. Reports in the methods section of the manuscript that the committee on research ethics approved any investigation involving human subjects or the use of patient data for research purposes, that the research was carried out in compliance with the World Medical Association's Declaration (www.wma.net), and that informed consent from human subjects was obtained as required.